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【】icalthinkersofthat period.piesntainedinhasesworks fitinperfectlyforpresentdaya,suchasthebreakingdohecivilservice systehroughisndfavouritisrobbiiontoenrichthefaly,the ereentforoffending officials,thensequentabsenceof”publiitizenship”inhasesownwords andgenerallaiousheseentbylalock, likesocrates. but,intheoryatleast,nfueanfalynsciousodegee intnifiedselfishthestofsocialiy.hedid,inhisral systealsoalloountofultradostidness.heantthe raltraininginthefalyasthebasisfeneralraltraining,andheplanned thatfrohegeneralraltrainingasehwouldlive happilyandharniouslytogether.onlyinthissenseeuandthe trendousehasispla”filialpiety,he”firstofall virtues.”theesethe yhsiao,beihesignfor”filialpiety”plusa causativeradiing”kingfilial”.soexplainsthehsiaokingclassif filialpiety}: nfuciussaid:”thereasonanteachesfilialpietyisnotbecauseitis tobeseeninthehoandeverydaylife.hfeteaan yrespectallthosehersintheeachesbrotherlinessinthe youngerbrother,ihatnyrespectallthosehersinthe anyrespectallwhoare rulersintheworld.” again,nfuciussaid: ”thoseheirparentsdarenotshoredtoothers.thosetheir parents,darenotshooothers.” inthissenseheuldsaytotsengtse,hisdisciple: ”filialpietyisthebasisofvirtue,andtheinofculture.sitdoe tellyou.thebodyandhairandskinarereaynotbe ihisisthebeginningoffilialpietytodhtthingandrding thtrals,thusleavingagoodnainposterity,ioglorifyones aninationoffilialpiety.filialpietybeginshservingones parents,leadstonesking,andendsiablishingonester..,.” theoralphilosophyitationinsocietyandthe theoryofhabitihodofsodaleducationablishingthe rightntalattitudefro.thereisnothing ixingofpoliticsorals.the nsequenily,butdisastrousforthestate. seenasasocialsysteitlybelievedthatanationofgood brothersandgoodfriendsshouldkeagoodnatio,seenindeeyes,nfuanssocialobligationstoward thestranger,aandaritanvirtuewas unknoicallydisuraged.theoretically,ithe ”doan:”ingtobesuessful hielf,hehelpsotherstobesuessful;ingtostandonhiso,hehelps otherstostandontheirfeet.”butthisrelationshiptohe”others”oneof thefiveily,hitsfriends, beutualhelp hin,butldlyindifferenttoifiedagainst,thehout.inthe end,asitilybecaaleoutsidehingis legititeloot. iii.isrruptionandnners everyfalyinaisreallyanistiit,htheprincipleof”doyou dtakeutualhelpfulnessisdevelopedto averyhighdegree,enuragedhonour. sotisabrotherilesathehonour ofabankruptbrother.aparativelysuessfulngenerally ntributesthegreater,ifnottheentire,shareoftheexpehewholehousehold, anditisnpraantosendhisnephews tosan,ifheisanofficial,alhebestjobstohis relatives,andiftherearenotreadyjobshe aiseveloped,icpressure,be irresistiblefor vent.thefor,hthebestof iions,haveprovedunsuessful. tolookatitkindly,issnoofothersorts.anister doesnotplalyhisnepheinistry,buthealsohastoplacethenephews ofhofficials,iftheyarehighenough,lettersof rendation.,exceptinsinecurepostsand ”advisorships”theenocpressureandthepressureofoverpopulationareso keen,andtherearesonyeducatederaryessaysbutwho otrepairacarburettororsetuparadio,thateveryneanorevery officialassunganeisdailyfloodedh,literally,hundredsoflettersof rendation.itisquitenatural,therefore,thate.for thefalysysteustbetakenastheofinsuranceagainst uneloynt.everyfalytakescareofitsoployed,andhavingtaken ployed,itsbestployntfortheitisbetter thanauseitteachesinthelessluckyersasenseofindependence, andtheerssohelpediher ...