第64节
arforthefateofthosetheyleftbehind.h illachild,uredtosailpastthe northcapeandoneofhiscaptains,riellor,pushing furthereastofapossibleroadtotheindies, hadreachedargel,russia,ablished diplotidrcialrelationsysteriousrulers ofthisdistantsviteeire.duringthefirstyearsof elizabethsrulethisvoyagehadbeenfolloany others.rtadventurers,hebeofa ``jointstoyhadlaidthefoundationsoftrading panieselonies. halfpirate,halfdiplot,ostakeeverythingona singleluugglersofeverythingthatuldbe loadedintotheholdofavessel,dealersinnandrdise hequalindiffereoeverythingexcepttheirprofit,the sailorsofelizabethhadcarriedtheenglishflagandthefa oftheirvirgihefourersofthesevenseas. anshakespearekeptherjestyasedat ho,abrainsaofenglaed pttogethefeudaliance ofhenryviiiintoadenationalstate. intheyear1603theoldladydiedattheageofseventy. herusin,thegreatgrandsonofheroherhenry viiandsonofrystuart,herrivalandene,sueeded herasjasi.bythegraselfthe rulerofauntryhefateofitsal rivals.heeuropeanprotestantsandswere killiobreakthepowerof theiradversariesaablishtheexclusiveruleoftheirown partireed,engla leisureesofeitherlutheror loyola.itgavetheislandkingdonenorusadvantagein theingstruggleforlonialpossessions.itassuredengland aleadershipiionalaffairshatuntry hasintaiilthepresentday.hedisastrous adventurealdevelopnt. thestuarts,hetudors,were``fners inengland.theydonotseeohaveappreciatedoruood thisfact.thenativehouseoftudoruldstealahorse, butthe``fnstuartsalloolookatthe bridlehoutcausipopulardisapproval.oldqueen besshadruledherdoinsverychasshepleased.in generalhoeant hepocketofthehoandotherish rts.hehequeenhadbeenalhe allliberties takeherightsandprerogativesofparliant heulteriorbesh herjestysstrongandsuessfulfn policies. outesntihesapolicy.buthe laypical ofhisgreatpredeertiobe enuraged.thesgrantedanyliberties. butiledpleasantlyuponenglandinaneffort toestablishpeaesileback. thejorityoftheenglishpeopledidnotlikethis,but jasheirkingandtheykeptquiet. soonthereesand hisson,charlesi,intheyear1625both firybelievedintheprincipleoftheir``divinerightto adheirrealstheythoughtfithoutnsultingthe heirsubjects.theideanehepopes, orethanonehesuessorsofthe roneerorsorratheroftheronierialidealof asingleandundividedstateveriireknownworld, hadalselvesandhadbeenpubliclyregnised asthe``viceregentsofchristupoh.noone questioherightofgodtorulethe. asanaturalresult,feuredtodoubttherightofthe divine``viethingandtodendthe obedienassesbecausehehedirectrepresentative oftheabsoluteruleroftheuniverseandresponsible onlytoalghtygod. ationprovedsuessful,those rightserlyhadbeeedinthepapacywere takehenyeuropeansnse protestants.asheadoftheiroionalordynastic hestheyinsisteduponbeing``eregents itoftheiroerritory.thepeopledidnotquestion therightoftheirrulerstotakesuchastep.theyaepted it,justastheideaofarepresentative systetheonlyreasonableandjust fovent.itisunfairthereforetostatethateither lutheranisrcalvinisausedtheparticularfeelingof irritationessoftandloudlyrepeated assertionofhis``divineright.theresthavebeenother groundsfenuineenglishdisbeliefinthedivineright ofkings. thefirstpositivedenialofthe``divinerightofsns hadbeenheardintheherlaatesgeneral abjuredtheirlahe year1581.``theking,sotheysaid,``hasbrokenhisntract andthekingthereforeisdisssedlikeanyotherunfaithful servant.sihen,thisparticularideaofakings responsibilitiestoongnyofthe natioheshoresofthenorthsea.theywere intheheartofercyoftheir rulersbodyguard,uldnotaffordtodis inthedeepestdungeonofthe castle.butthertsofhollandandengland aintenanceof greataresandnavies,ighty ,hadnosuchfear.theywerewilling topitthe``divinerightoftheirooneyagainst the``divinerightofanyhabsburgorbourbonorstuart. theykheirguildersandshillingsuldbeatthe cluyfeudalaresheonlyheking. theydaredtoaedtosuffer insilenceorruntheriskofthescaffold. hestuartsbegantoannoythepeopleofengland thattheyhadarighttodotheypleased andheresponsibil ...